2. STORY OF HYDERABAD & JUNAGARH
This
particular episode deals with the story of two Indian princely states named by
Hyderabad and Junagarh. It came to the public sphere on dated 17th
August 1947 that the king of Junagarh Nawab Mohd. Mahabat Khan has decided that
his state will be merging with Pakistan soon and the six lakh seventy thousand
public of Junagarh will get Pakistan’s citizenship. The king of Junagarh was
famous for two of his nature, the first one is bit unusual that is his love towards
his pet animals and the second nature is towards singing and dance. He became
more popular for one of his act that he has done with his pet’s that he did a
marriage between his two pet dogs and he declared that day as a holiday
throughout his territory. King of Junagarh took advantage of end of the
paramount sea and that gave the chance to the princely states either to merge
with any of the one country India and Pakistan or to stand as an independent
country like before the arrival of Britisher’s in India. Due to this type
decision of few princely states kings, India faced a big problem and without
solving these issues it was quite hard to move forward. The makers of India
like Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel and VP Menon were in huge stress and tension
to find a way out to solve these problems. Sardar Patel was in favour of
military action against Junagarh but Lord Mountbatten was not in acceptance
with that proposal, according to him it will be like to fall in the trap of
Jinah. He suggested Junagarh is like a puppet for Pakistan, but the original
intention of Pakistan is on Kashmir, that if India will claim that the majority
of masses are Hindu in Junagarh, so the Muslim Nawab can’t marge with Pakistan
then Pakistan will claim that same thing on Kashmir issue cause in Kashmir
majority is happens to be Muslims under the reign of a Hindu king. It was a
matter of coincidence that Sardar Patel the first home minister of independent
India was responsible for the integration of India because he was minister of
the special ministry which was formed to unite India and he himself belongs to
Gujurat. And after that meeting it was decided that VP Menon will be going to
Junagarh to trace the original reason behind the Junagarh thing and who is sole
conspirator of that whole thing. Was it the king of Junagarh Nawab Mohd.
Mahabat Khan or his advisor Sahanawaz Bhutto (Grandfather of Ex PM of Pakistan
Benezir Bhutto), because he personally quiet not interested that VP Menon’s
should meet the Nawab. VP Menon couldn’t able to meet the Nawab but on his way
back to Delhi he could able to merge two small part of Junagarh (Manglore and
Babriabad) with India and after that King of Junagarh sent his army to two of
those areas which were merged all of a sudden with India. And as result both
the regions cancelled the instrument of accession. And after that India took a
move towards Junagarh by deploying its military force at the border line of
Junagarh and the civilians of Junagarh were doing riots and this urged huge
fear in the mind-set of the king and he left for Karachi but he couldn’t able
take his wife and son with him. Only Sahanawaz Bhutto were remaining to run the
state, so he urged help from Pakistan but he fail to get any reply from
Pakistan and finally he allowed Junagarh to merge with India and this is all
about the story of Junagarh.
Then the
next story is about that princely state which firstly announced that it will be
a standing as an independent country and it was happening to be Travancore.
During that point of time there were two people who are the major person in
Travancore one was its king Balram Verma and his adviser CP Aiyer and both of
them wanted Travancore as an independent and free country. But the public of
this state were against of this proposal of the king and his adviser and so
finally the day came when the public of Travancore attacked CP Aiyer and that compelled
him and the king to rethink over their prior decision and then just before
three days of 15th August the king Balram Verma sent a letter to Lord
Mountbatten that his state is ready to sign the instrument of accession and to
merge with India. This couldn’t able to solve all the problem of India, there
were another one princely state named by Bhopal and its king was Hamidullah
Khan. He was an aspiring king that he planned to stay as an independent country
or to make a federation by making alliance with some other princely states.
There were few reasons behind his wish that he was an effective and active
chancellor of the chamber and he had a close state of relation with Jinha and
most importantly he had a good bonding with Lord Mountbatten. Just before four
days to independence Lord Mountbatten wrote a letter to his friend cum king of
Bhopal and in which he mentioned that he should sign the instrument of
accession and should send to Mountbatten and Mountbatten will keep that till 25th
of August and if in between that king’s mind-set will change then he will be
returning all the papers to the king of Bhopal. That letter gave a new way to
Bhopal that they can stay as an Independent country and it was a dangerous
thing for India during that point of time. After that the king of Bhopal wrote
a letter to Sardar Patel that his state will be merging with India. And herewith
one problem got stable but there were still J&K and Hyderabad not
interested to merge with India. At that point of time Nizam of Hyderabad
declaired that his state will not be merging with Indi at any condition, it
will remain as an independent country and there was another person who stood
alongside with Nizam was his adviser Kasim Razwi. Hyderabad was big state
during that time, it was like Great Britain in its geographic stature, and it
was covering few districts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka. Nizam of Hyderabad was amongst the richest person in the world during
that point of time. Kasim Razwi was deployed his man in every major spectrum of
Hyderabad and he had its own force called Rajakar’s and in such a big situation
the government of India passed a stand steel agreement with Hyderabad that
everything will be stand as normal for one year but the problem was Hyderabad
was not at all interested to sign the instrument of accession and for which it
was not merging with India. Before the termination of that stand steel
agreement Hyderabad gave cash loan of rupees twenty crore and the reports
regarding the imported weapons came as well. Most of the members of the
ministry were not willing to take military action against Hyderabad because it
may lead to public riots in other parts of the southern India. In between that
PM of Hydearbad Liaqat Ali met both Nehru and Sardar Patel and he mentioned
that it is quite impossible on Hyderabad’s part to merge with India and their
independence is non-negotiable and India was not in stand to accept Hyderabad
as a separate entity. It was almost eight months after independence and
Hyderabad was still like a separate country in India. On 22nd April
1948 Nizam of Hyderabad wrote a letter to Lord Mountbatten and in that letter
he mentioned about that Hyderabad and its public’s matter are happening to be
totally internal. After that with all requests from Mountbatten Indian
government agreed to give special status to Hyderabad that it will forms its
own law and order and it will keep its own army as well. But then also Nizam
turn his mind and demanded total independence to stand as a separate entity and
that left India with no other option than military action. On 10th
September 1948 for the last tie Sardar Patel wrote a letter to Nizam in which
he gave a last chance to think about merging with India but Nizam didn’t agree
on that condition. So finally on 13th September 1948 Operation Caterpillar
started, which is otherwise known as Operation Polo or Police Action as well.
Nonstop war continued for five days continuously. On 17th September
1948 Nizam of Hyderabad came in the Radio Hyderabad and declared that he is
ready to sign the instrument of accession.
And there after Hyderabad merged with India and it is the whole story of
Hyderabad.
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